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November 16, 2022
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Comparison Between Stress Rupture Test and Hot Water Circulation Test Considering actual operating condition of PE Pipes For Hot Water Application

Takehiro Fujii, Kazuhisa Igawa, Hidekazu Honma, Kazushi Yamada, Hiroyuki Nishimura

Papers # 2016 Berlin

The hydrostatic stress rupture test has been conventionally conducted as a good method of the lifetime evaluation. The hot water circulation test which is reflected to the actual operating condition is also useful method. The correlations and differences between the two tests were examined. Compared with the hydrostatic stress rupture test, it was found that the antioxidant in the resin was eluded into the circulating water and was consumed rapidly in the hot water circulation test. The lifetime of the pipe became shorter in the hot water circulation test. In addition, it was also found that when using the brass fittings, copper ions solved from the joint accelerated degradation of a resin, a crack initiation at the pipe inner surface and a slow crack growth through the pipe thickness due to the hoop stress. The hot water circulation test using metal ion containing aqueous solution is suitable as the accelerated evaluation test for plastic pipes.

Plastic pipes have been used for the residential hot water supply and space heating in Japan. The long-term performance of polyethylene pipes was evaluated under the copper irons solution as well as at elevated temperature. The concentration of copper ions increased partially and this brought about rapid degradation due to copper activation when using a brass joint in the both hydrostatic stress rupture test and hot water circulation test. This was because copper ions were solved from the joint. Although there were differences in degradation process depending on the test method, it is found that the plastic joint is effective to extend the lifetime of the whole hot water pipe system. In the hot water circulation test, the pipes tend to last for only a short period because antioxidants in the resin were eluted into the hot water and was consumed quickly. In the actual operating condition, oxygen in circulated hot water is continuously forced to diffuse towards the outer surface due to the internal pressure. Therefore, it is considered that the hydrostatic stress rupture test is not sufficient as the evaluation method that reflects the actual operating condition.

https://www.pe100plus.com/PPCA/Comparison-between-stress-rupture-test-and-hot-water-circulation-test-considering-actual-operating-condition-of-PE-pipes-for-hot-water-application-p1517.html

November 10, 2022
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C-PVC-O, pushing limits beyond in molecular orientation

Ignacio Muñoz

Papers # 2018 Las-Vegas

During the last years PVC-O has become a popular product in pipe business due to the huge improvements of mechanical properties of PVC after orientation. At the same time, CPVC has become an important choice for hot water conduits in in-house applications. Molecor has started a research program to evaluate the improvements of applying orientation on CPVC (if any), the expected raw material savings and also to evaluate the potentiality of the business of a CPVC-O pipe as a civil works product in a warm environment.

Thanks to the developments reached during the last years, PVC-O technology is ready to provide the market with the best solutions for water transportation, enlarging the product range in this material. PVC-O pipes have the same limitation regarding temperature as PVC-U pipes have. The allowable operating pressure (PFA) for temperatures of the fluid to be transported above 25 ºC shall be calculated by applying a supplementary derating factor fT to the nominal pressure (PN). By applying Molecular Orientation principles to C PVC, we want to achieve a product with all the advantages that traditional PVC-O pipes have increasing, at the same time, the resistance to high temperatures that CPVC pipes have presented till now. Molecular Orientation technology has been adapted to the product specifications and changes in its design have been implemented; work in the formula of the chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) was also required to be able to apply Molecular Orientation to this kind of pipes. The first samples of C PVCO manufactured pipes have been under test and preliminary results have been obtained. This paper is about the technological adaptation requirements due to high temperatures and about the tests results for the characterization of this new material; also about an overview of the potential of this new material in different scenarios. The companycommitment to R&D and the continuous innovation program allows us to introduce for the first time oriented chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (C PVC-O).

https://www.pe100plus.com/PPCA/C-PVC-O-pushing-limits-beyond-in-molecular-orientation-p1696.html

November 1, 2022
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LARGE DIAMETER & THICK WALL HDPE PIPES PRODUCED AND DEVELOPED IN THE MIDDLE EAST – 3 CASE STORIES

aplicatioEng. Grigorios Vigellis, Eng. Mohamed Hageb

# 2021 Amsterdam

Continuous development and innovation in the production of plastic pipes made by high density polyethylene (HDPE) has enabled the industry to produce much larger diameter systems than ever believed possible. The enablers for production of such large plastic pipes are three main pillars: continuous innovation of plastic piping raw materials with improved properties, advances in extruders and other equipment developments as well as value- added engineering. This has meant that plastic pipes have become the piping of choice for usage in industrial, municipal and infrastructure works, such as water distribution and transmission, storm water management and sewage.

Especially in the Middle East governments and industries have continued to invest, knowing that low labour costs and low feedstock and material costs, would ensure that they remained competitive. Also, many large water and wastewater projects have been continued for the desalination of sea water, wastewater treatment or water recycling, to provide improved water and sanitation for the growing population. All these projects require large diameter pipes and in many of these countries they have had the confidence to break with tradition and choose thermoplastic pipe materials rather than the conventional ones: such as steel, ductile iron or concrete.

https://www.pe100plus.com/PPCA/LARGE-DIAMETER-THICK-WALL-HDPE-PIPES-PRODUCED-AND-DEVELOPED-IN-THE-MIDDLE-EAST-3-CASE-STORIES-p1801.html

Oktober 24, 2022
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POLYPROPYLENE PIPE IN DEMANDING HYDRONIC HEATING APPLICATIONS

Steve Sandstrum, Chris Ziu

# 2021 Amsterdam

The market for high performance polypropylene (PP) piping systems in North America continues to evolve. Generally, PP piping systems have performed exceptionally well in a variety of challenging HVAC, industrial and plumbing applications. As a result, the engineering community in North America is embracing higher performance PP piping systems as an attractive alternative to traditional metal pipe applications in a variety of installations.

This presentation will address a project at the University of Illinois in the United States that dealt with a high-temperature hydronic heating system that was installed on the main campus in Urbana-Champaign, Illinois. The University has used traditional PP-R in the past, and in more recent times has selected the higher performance PP-RCT class of PP materials. The mechanical staff there is very familiar with the chemical and corrosion resistance and the long-term performance capability of PP-RCT piping systems, especially for higher temperature water applications.

When considering the expansion of their physical plant and the associated high temperature hydronic heating system, the University was faced with some challenging design considerations. This discussion will focus on the following:

  1. a) The basic properties of the PP-RCT material used to produce the pipe installed in this project,
  2. b) The design considerations that led to the specification of a unique dual-wall pre-insulated piping system,
  3. c) The attributes of the 1400 feet (426 meters) of pre-insulated dual wall PP-RCT pipe 6.625 inch (168 mm) DR 7.3 inner core pipe within 10.750 inch (273 mm) DR 17 outer jacket pipe that was supplied for this project, and
  4. d) A multitude of innovations that became apparent as the system was installed such as simultaneous dual-wall fusion, traditional underground burial and horizontal directional drilling for a significant portion of the project.aticle source:
    https://www.pe100plus.com/PPCA/POLYPROPYLENE-PIPE-IN-DEMANDING-HYDRONIC-HEATING-APPLICATIONS-p1730.html

 

Oktober 17, 2022
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FRACTURE MECHANICS TECHNIQUES IN LARGE DIAMETER PVC PIPES

Antonio Rodolfo Jr., Vanderley M. John

# 2021 Amsterdam

Unplasticised (U-PVC) and modified (M-PVC) pipes used in irrigation and infrastructure applications, outside diameter 326 mm, were evaluated according to various fracture mechanics methodologies, including fracture toughness (stress intensity factor KC and energy release rate GC, both at fracture), essential work of fracture (EWF) and C-ring toughness. These pipes were also evaluated for the quality of processing (degree of gelation) via DSC and tensile strength. Results show that, even with impact modifiers added in minor quantities in M-PVC as in the Brazilian situation, the differences in behavior against fracture propagation are sensitive, depending on the technique, when comparing the results between the different types of pipes, opening up new possibilities for testing this product. This possibility is particularly interesting in the case of the evaluation of the degree of gelation, since the dichloromethane (DCMT) method still in use tends to be replaced in the future by alternative methodologies due to chemical exposition factors.

https://www.pe100plus.com/PPCA/FRACTURE-MECHANICS-TECHNIQUES-IN-LARGE-DIAMETER-PVC-PIPES-p1728.html

Oktober 10, 2022
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High density polyethylene (HDPE): an overview of the first ever asme bPVC section iii, class 3 nuclear piping installation

Ali Al Hammadi, Shane R. Schuessler, Mohamed Ali Awadh Jaber

Papers # 2018 Las-Vegas

This paper presents the advancements of HDPE piping materials, design and installation for use in ASME Class 3 piping systems at nuclear power plants. The paper will specifically introduce details of the first ever ASME Class III nuclear new build use of Class 3 HDPE pipe and fittings at the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation’s (ENEC) Barakah Nuclear Power Plant near Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.

Global nuclear power plants have relied on buried metallic piping systems since the first commercial plants built in the 1950’s. Corrosion, leaks, and expensive replacement has been the eminent path for many of these metallic piping systems. In the early 2000’s, several nuclear power plant owners decided to alter the buried pipe paradigm by considering plastic pipe as an alternative to metallic piping systems. Their goal was to reduce piping material and installation costs while ensuring safety and performance for the operating life of the plants. Since the HDPE piping systems would be installed in nuclear safety-related systems, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) formed committees to develop rules for installing high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe in ASME BPVC Section III (new build) and Section XI (repair/replacement) Class 3 piping systems.

Three nuclear power plants have used HDPE in ASME Class 3 piping systems where the most recent project took place at the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation’s Barakah Nuclear Power Plant located in the United Arab Emirates. This paper will provide an overview of the procurement requirements and installation for this project’s Essential Service Water Discharge system consisting of 21,000 feet (6,480 meters) of 36-inch HDPE pipe. Discussion topics include:

  1. HDPE source material (pre-compounded PE100/PE4710 resin) requirements including testing for slow crack growth resistance, HDPE’s primary failure mechanism
  2. Design and installation challenges faced due to the extreme desert conditions
  3. Fusion joint welding highlighting the joint integrity validation methods used specific to the project including ultrasonic non-destructive examination.

This paper will conclude with a brief synopsis of the evolution of HDPE pipe within the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, which now provides nuclear power plant owners around the world with a clear path to installing safety-related HDPE piping systems.

article source : https://www.pe100plus.com/PPCA/High-density-polyethylene-HDPE-an-overview-of-the-first-ever-asme-bPVC-section-iii-class-3-nuclear-piping-installation-p1713.html

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    PT SHUANGLIN PIPE INDONESIA is a joint venture subsidiary of Zhejiang Shuanglin Environment Co., Ltd. Our factory is located in CIKARANG, Indonesia. The plant covers an area of 4,000 square meters. Our company has introduced advanced production line and a professional production management team. The company mainly produces municipal and residential building water supply and drainage, sewage pipes and complete sets of systems. The product line includes HDPE/PP double-wall corrugated pipe and inspection wells for pipeline connection and other accessories.

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