Geopipe

Before knowing what a geopipe or geosynthetic pipeline is, it helps us to know the types of geosynthetics and their understanding, from several articles on the internet or Google or also on Wikipedia. I summarize some of them as follows:

Geosynthetic Types and their Definition

Geosynthetic is a type of synthetic material / synthetic material used to improve soil and road construction that has unstable soil and surface contours. There are many types of geosynthetics that are often used for making road layers and soil which are often used for road construction.
Geosynthetic Types and Definition:
1. Geobag is geotextile that is filled with soil and sewn so that it forms padding which is used to replace conventional coastal protection rocks / buildings.
2. Geocomposite is a composite material made from non woven geotextile base material with woven high-strength 2-way polyester yarn. Thus we get two functions at once namely strengthening and separation as well as the filtration function.
3. Geogrid is a type of Geosynthetic material (Geosynthetic) which has a large enough opening, and body stiffness that is better than Geotextile. Geogrid basic materials can be: Polyphropylene, Polyethilene and Polyesther or other polymer materials.
4. Geomembrane is plastic sheet made from HDPE / LLDPE / PVC, etc. This sheet is made using sophisticated and modern machinery so that its specific gravity and thickness are maintained. Geomembrane has characteristics that are impermeable to liquids.
5. Geopipe is a perforated or solid polymer pipe that is used to drain liquids, gases and includes leachates or gas collectors in landfill applications.
6. Geotextile is one of the translucent Geosynthetics (Geosynthetic) materials, which can be used / functions as a separator, filter, protection, and reinforcement. The basic ingredients are Polyesther or Polyprophilene. Generally divided into two types: Non Woven and Woven.
The use of geosynthetics or synthetic materials is related to the durability of synthetic materials in chemical compounds, weathering, wear, ultraviolet light and microorganisms. The most important polymers that are used for geosynthetic manufacturing are Polyester (PET), Polyamide (PM), Polypropylene (PP), and Polyethylene (PE).
Article source:
from the author: Samsul Arifin
Article title: Geosynthetic Types and Definition
academia.edu

Related to the products manufactured by PT. Shuanglin Pipe Indonesia namely geosynthetic pipe or goepipe. Here is information about what is a goepipe or geosynthetic pipe.

What is Geopipe?

Geopipe Corrugated Perforated atau Non Perforated merupakan pipa HDPE bergelombang dan berlubang atau tidak berlubang yang digunakan sebagai “subdrain system” pada lapangan sepak bola, lapangan golf, taman dll atau sebagai pipa saluran pembuangan atau selongsong pipa kabel bawah tanah.

Geopipe didesain agar dapat menahan beban tekanan lebih baik dibandingkan pipa jenis biasa, memiliki panjang hingga 50 meter dengan berat yang ringan sehingga memudahkan dalam proses mobilisasi di lapangan.

Tipe Geopipe terdapat 2 jenis yaitu single wall dengan bagian luar dan dalamnya bergelombang dan double wall dengan bagian dalamnya mempunyai lapisan tambahan.

DN : Nominal Diameter/br>
OD : Outside Diameter

*All unit measurement base on (mm)

Geopipe is all plastic pipes used in soil, rock, or other subsurface materials as an integrated part of a project, structure or system.

Benefits:

• Quick Installation
• Having strength at good pressure
• Easy handling
• Efficient drainage
• Flexible
• Corrosion resistant
• Large drainage capacity

Application:

• Subsurface drainage in road construction
• Drainage in residential and commercial construction
• Drainage at the mine
• Agricultural land
• Building foundation
• Retaining wall application
• Construction land
• Sports field and recreation area

HDPE/PE pipe introduction

HDPE pipe is a type of flexible plastic pipe used for fluid and gas transfer and is often used to replace ageing concrete or steel mains pipelines. Made from the thermoplastic HDPE (high-density polyethylene), its high level of impermeability and strong molecular bond make it suitable for high pressure pipelines. HDPE pipe is used across the globe for applications such as water mains, gas mains,^{[1][self-published source?]} sewer mains, slurry transfer lines, rural irrigation, fire system supply lines, electrical and communications conduit, and stormwater and drainage pipes.

Benefits

The toughness and resistance to chemicals of polyethylene, as well as the corrosion resistance and low weight have contributed to its growing use in situations where cost-effective and durable fluid and gas piping systems are required. According to a press release from the Plastics Pipe Institute, “PE piping has been used for water and other fluids in Europe and America since the 1950s due to its durability, leak free joints, resistance to corrosion, and long-term cost-effectiveness.”

HDPE pipe can be joined by butt welding, electrofusion welding, socket welding, or extrusion welding. These joints heat the pipe during the joining process, creating a completely homogenous joint so the weld becomes as strong, or stronger than the existing pipe on either side of the weld. There is no need to use rubber seals or jointing chemicals, as is used for joining PVC pipe, which cause environmental health issues and increase the chance of failure over time. PE is less likely to have problems with root intrusion, and provides integrity for the pipeline, even when installed in unstable soils.

Due to the fusion welded system, the need for anchors or thrust restraint blocks are eliminated, as the joints become fully end load resistant, reducing costs for material and installation time. This also allows for safer excavation close to the pipeline in future, which is particularly important for high pressure gas pipelines. Coils of PE Pipe make trench-less installation safer and less intrusive on the surrounding environment.

HDPE Pipe Systems are available for many applications, providing for standard trenching of water mains, fire ring mains, sewer mains, and gas mains pipelines, as well as horizontal drilling for electrical and telecommunications conduits.^[3] According to a company that manufactures HDPE, HDPE systems are cost-effective to install and have long-term maintenance cost savings, and also allow for cheaper installation methods, such as HDD (horizontal directional drilling), sliplining, pipe bursting, floating and submerged pipe.

HDPE pipe is very durable and flexible and can be bent on site to a radius twenty-five times the nominal pipe diameter – for SDR11 and SDR17 pipe, at or below 20°C ambient temperature. This provides major cost savings, when compared to different pipe systems, some of which require glued fittings, restraints or thrust blocks for even minor changes in direction. Because of the high impact resistance and flexibility of HDPE pipe, it is well suited to installation in dynamic soils including in earthquake-prone areas. HDPE pipe has very high flow capacity, because of its smooth bore and end-to-end jointing methods. HDPE pipe does not corrode in the environment, and will maintain its flow capabilities over time, unlike ferrous piping systems, which will rust and build up internal resistance to fluid flowing through it.

Because food-grade polyethylene virgin material is used to fabricate HDPE pipes, they are safe for the transfer of potable water, provided that any initial debris has been flushed out. HDPE pipe is resistant to many chemicals, facilitating its use in process plants or around corrosive or acidic environments, without needing to use protective coatings or galvanising, as is required on steel pipes. As HDPE has a very low thermal conductivity, it can maintain more uniform temperatures compared to metal pipes, when carrying fluids, which will greatly reduce any need for insulation to control condensation around the pipeline.

Manufacture

To make pipe lengths, HDPE resin is heated and extruded through a die, which determines the diameter of the pipeline. The wall thickness of the pipe is determined by a combination of the size of the die, speed of the screw and the speed of the haul-off tractor. Polyethylene pipe is usually black in color due to the addition of 3-5% of carbon black being added to the clear polyethylene material. The addition of carbon black creates a product which is UV resistant. Other colours are available but are less common. Coloured or striped HDPE pipe is usually 90-95% black material, with just a coloured skin or stripe on the outside 5%.

The following shows the process for HDPE Pipe Extrusion:

Freshly Extruded 800 mm (31.50 in) HDPE Pipe

Polyethylene raw material is pulled from a silo, into the hopper dryer, which removes any moisture from the pellets. Then it is pulled by a vacuum pump into the blender, where it is heated by a barrel heater. The PE material becomes molten at around 180 °C (356 °F), allowing it to be fed through a mould/die, which shapes the molten material into a circular shape. After coming through the die, the newly formed pipe quickly enters the cooling tanks, which submerge or spray water at the pipe exterior, each one reducing the temperature of the pipe by 10-20 degrees. Because polyethylene has a high specific heat capacity, the pipe must be cooled in stages, to avoid deforming the shape, and by the time it reaches the “haul-off tractor,” it is hard enough to be gently pulled by the 2-3 belts. A digital or powder printer, the size, type, date and manufacturers name is printed on the side of the pipe. It is then cut by a saw cutter, either into lengths of 3 or 6 or 12 or 24 meters (9.8 or 19.7 or 39.4 or 78.7 ft), or it is coiled to 50 or 100 or 200 m (164 or 328 or 656 ft) lengths on a coiler.

A different die is used for striped HDPE pipe, which has small channels that the coloured material runs through, just before it is pushed through the die. This means the stripes are formed as an integral part of the pipe and are not likely to separate from the main pipe body. Co-extruded, or co-ex HDPE pipe, has a second extrusion screw which adds an extra skin of colour around the black HDPE pipe, this allows the pipe to be coloured on the outside, for identification or thermal cooling requirements.

Uses

An example of the durability of HDPE pipe is the 600 m (1,969 ft) long HDPE boom used for the Ocean Cleanup project. The HDPE pipeline is being released into the ocean to clean up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

HDPE pipe has been used in rural and mining environments in Australia for over 50 years, proving to be a very durable and effective means of fluid and gas transfer.

Life expectancy

Although HDPE pipe is often estimated to last 50 years, they are in fact more likely to have life expectancies of 100 years. PIPA (Plastics Industry Pipe Association) and the Plastic Pipe Institute (PPI) have written technical white papers on HDPE design life. The PIPA paper is called “Life Expectancy for Plastics Pipes” which mentions that because of the fifty-year stress regression data, people^[who?] falsely assume that plastic pipe systems’ life expectancy is only fifty years. In fact, these pipe systems can be reasonably expected to last up to or more than 100 years.

In Germany, PE pipes and PE fittings were introduced during the mid-1900s, mainly for irrigation or water supply, but also for gas, fuel, and other industrial applications. The use of this 50-year time interval, leads to a misunderstanding that it represents a 50-year pipe life. For pipe systems that have been correctly manufactured and installed, the actual life cannot be predicted, but can be expected to be over 100 years until major rehabilitation is needed.

References

1.  “PIPA Technical Paper on Polyethylene used for Gas Pipe Material” (PDF).
2. ^ “Plastics Pipe Institute study confirms long life expectancy for polyethylene pipe in municipal water systems” (PDF).
3. ^ “Article about the growth of HDPE Conduit systems, and their advantages over PVC Pipe”. September 2009.
4. ^ “Benefits of HDPE Pipe”.
5. ^ Jump up to:^a b c “PIPA Technical Whitepaper on ‘Life Expectancy for Plastics Pipes‘“ (PDF). Plastics Industry Pipe Association of Australia Ltd.
6. ^ “Research on Above-ground applications for PE Pipe” (PDF).
7. ^ “AGRU and The Ocean Cleanup”. www.agru.at. agru Kunststofftechnik Gesellschaft m.b.H. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
8. ^ “PIPA Technical Commentary on Polyethylene pipes for pressure applications” (PDF).

resource from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDPE_pipe