How does the process of clean water travel to reach our homes?

Mei 11, 2020 by admin in Industry News, Tips

Every day we do activities using clean water starting from bathing, washing, cooking, and so on. But do you know how long the journey that must be passed by clean water starts from its source which is in the spring, river, lake or mountain to get to our home? Let’s follow the explanation in the article below

Raw water from PDAM ( Indonesia Local Water Company) that originate from water sources may not necessarily be used directly for clean water needs in buildings. The water must first meet the quality, quantity and continuity requirements. To maintain the quality of the raw water, usually the water will undergo a treatment process. This processing can generally be done in 3 ways: physics, chemistry and biology. Physical processing is usually done by utilizing the food properties of water without the addition of chemicals. Examples of its application are precipitation, adsorption, filtration, etc. Chemical processing, of course, with the addition of chemicals such as alum, chlorine, etc. which is usually to remove heavy metals contained in water. While biological treatment by utilizing certain microorganisms that can help clear water.

PDAM (Indonesia Local Water Indonesia) generally use physical and chemical water treatment plants. Basically, water treatment is divided into 3 parts, namely:

1. Intake Building
   As the name implies, this building serves as the first place for entry of water from water sources. This building is equipped with a screen bar that serves to filter out foreign objects contained in water. Furthermore, water will enter a large tub before being pumped to the water treatment plant.
   
2. Water Treatment Plant
   WTP is the main installation of clean water treatment. There are several parts of treatment at STP that make water suitable for use. As for the section:
   • Coagulation
   The first part is known as coagulation. In this tub the water will be destabilized from colloidal particles / impurities. The destabilization process can be carried out chemically by adding alum (aluminum sulfate) or by physical means by rapid mixing, hydraulic (jump or hydrolic jump) and mechanically (stirring rod) so that alum is mixed evenly with water.
   • Flocculation
   The next process is flocculation to form and enlarge floc (collection of impurities). The process is that the water will be stirred slowly so that alum mixed with water can bind the dirt particles and form a larger floc to make it easier to settle.
   • Sedimentation
   After the floc is formed (usually in the form of mud), water will enter the sedimentation tank where the specific gravity of the heavier floc will automatically settle to the bottom of the tub and clean water can be separated from the mud.
   • Filtration
   After the water is separated from the mud, the water will be filtered again so that it is completely clean by being put into a filtration bath. Filtration tanks can use membrane technology, but can also be substituted with other media such as sand and silica gravel. This process is carried out with the help of gravity force.
   • Disinfection
   After the treatment process is complete, additional processes (disinfection) are usually carried out in the form of chlorine addition, ozonation, UV, slicing, etc. to avoid the potential for germs and bacteria contained in the water.
   
3. Reservoir
   After the water has been treated, the water will be put into a temporary shelter in the reservoir before being distributed to houses and buildings. To drain water, HDPE solid wall and PVC pipes are usually used for installation inside the house.
   

To further save on development and operational costs, the cost of a Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is built in a high enough area (hill or mountain) so that it can save the use of water pumps because it can be flowed with gravity. To reach a wider area, usually the water will be collected again in reservoirs in each area before being pumped into houses and buildings.

source articles : http://nanosmartfilter.com/tag/instalasi-pengolahan-air-bersih
articles edit by : Andreas & Lutfi PT. Shuanglin Pipe Indonesia
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